More horrors continue to emerge from the debris and ubiquitous layers of mud left by the walls of water that produced Spain’s deadliest natural disaster in living memory. Residents of Massanassa …
Botswana’s ruling Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) has lost its parliamentary majority in this week’s election, according to reports from the private Mmegi newspaper and state radio, which cited results from over …
A Moroccan economist known for his human rights work has been detained after criticizing the government in remarks posted on social media during a visit by French President Emmanuel Macron to …
Timbuktu in Mali was a center of trade and learning during medieval times. Some buildings remain from its heyday, and it’s still an important stop for salt caravans which travel from Taoudenni in the winter. Timbuktu is difficult to get to although the journey is half the fun. Ironically for a desert town, the most common way to get to Timbuktu is by boat down the Niger river.
Best time to go is during the Festival in the Desert in Essakane and also try and catch the festival, Curee Salee in Ingall, Niger across the border.
Coastal Forts, Ghana
Victoria Rd, Cape Coast, Ghana
Ghana’s Atlantic Coast is lined with old forts (castles) built by various European powers during the 17th Century. Initially, the forts were used to store goods for export such as gold, ivory, and spices. Later the slave-trade turned many forts into prison dungeons. European powers fought among themselves for control over the forts and they changed hands numerous times over the next few centuries.
Two forts that shouldn’t be missed are St George’s Castle in Elmina and Cape Coast Castle and Museum. The castle was the headquarters for the British colonial administration for nearly 200 years.
Some of the forts have even been turned into guesthouses offering basic accommodation.
Sine-Saloum Delta, Senegal
Palmarin, Senegal
The Sine-Saloum Delta lies in the southwest of Senegal. It’s a large area of mangrove forests, lagoons, islands, and rivers. A highlight for visitors to this region is taking a boat ride up the rivers to spot pelicans and flamingos and enjoy the lovely fishing villages along the way. There are baobab trees, sandy beaches, and lots of forest animals including monkeys to enjoy.
Palmarin has some wonderful hotels to stay at. Check out the luxurious Royal Lodge or the Lodge des Collines de Niassam where you can sleep in a baobab tree house. Deeper into the mangroves, you can also stay at an eco-lodge run by several local villages, Keur Bamboung.
Ethiopian Airlines welcomed riders supporting ‘Ride 4 Rangers’ at Manchester Airport today, Sunday 23rd August 2020. The British amateur cyclists started their global 30,000KM bike ride in Land’s End on Saturday 15th August and will arrive in John O’Groats on Saturday 29th August.
Stopping off at Manchester Airport on route to thank the Ethiopian Team for their support, Michael Yohannes, Director UK & Ireland Ethiopian Airlines commented, “We are delighted to be supporting this amazing charity and welcome the cyclists to Manchester Airport where we operate from to Addis Ababa and connecting across Africa.
During these difficult times, it is a pleasure to support and work with the African Travel Industry on this incredible project (detailed below) and we wish all the cyclists the best of luck in the UK and across the African Continent”. Julian Carr, Airline Development Director at Manchester Airport, said: “We were thrilled to welcome Ben, Jean and Joel to Manchester Airport as they approached the halfway mark on their lengthy journey, raising money and awareness for a very important cause.
“In these unprecedented times, it’s important we do whatever we can to continue building on the crucial links between the North and the rest of the world. We’re delighted that Ethiopian is maintaining its thrice-weekly service to Addis Ababa, linking Manchester directly with sub-Saharan Africa, and to that end, it’s also fantastic to see three British cyclists helping to make a huge difference to wildlife conservation across the continent.”
A TEAM OF BRITISH AMATEUR CYCLISTS START GLOBAL 30,000KM BIKE RIDE WITH LAND’S END TO JOHN O’GROATS ADVENTURE TO PROTECT AFRICAN RANGERS & WILDLIFE
50+ African Travel professionals doing a joint bike ride Land’s End to John O’Groats Thousands of people around the globe doing their own ‘virtual’ bike ride for Rangers 874 miles Land’s End to John O’Groats 30,000 miles cumulative distance target – the equivalent of circumnavigating Africa 5,000 Wildlife rangers will be kept in the field doing vital work to protect wildlife across Africa 1,038 rangers have died in the field over the past 10 years which is one ranger losing his/her life every 3 days Large increase in poaching as a direct result of COVID-19 US$10millon- the total Tusk aims to raise and put into the field to support African Rangers over next 6-9 months
JOIN THE RIDE – the initiative is inviting fellow wildlife and Africa lovers to join the team for part or all of LEJOG or in your own Ride 4 Rangers NOMINATE – Cycle 10KM, Donate £10, Nominate 3 people
A GLOBAL INITIATIVE Alongside the Land’s End to John O’Groats ride, 15th August also marks the start of a series of global Ride 4 Rangers events and activities where Africa and wildlife lovers across the UK, Europe and 9 African Nations (Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Uganda, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Mozambique) are getting involved clocking their own miles and raising vital funds. A team in South Africa’s Kruger National Park are doing a relay walk from north to south, in Northern Kenya another team are doing a horse ride for rangers traversing Borana conservancy into Lewa conservancy, in Botswana they are holding a club bike ride, in Malawi, they are hosting a charity run in Lilongwe, in Tanzania a team are riding from Mount Kilimanjaro to Ol Doinyo Lengai volcano, in Uganda a group are doing a 5km cycle around Entebbe, Namibia have a socially distanced hike and in Austria they have launched a series of 10KM bike rides. The initiative is gaining momentum daily.
29-year-old woman, Mrs Grace Obajay, lost her life in an auto crash that occurred along Airport Road, Benin City, Edo State, while doctors are still battling to save the life of her one-year and five months old baby, at a private hospital.
Two other persons: the Uber driver and yahoo suspect who also sustained severe injuries were said to be receiving treatment at the hospital.
Information revealed that the deceased who would have been celebrating her two years marriage anniversary in two months, worked with Floret Systems, as its Secretary. She had ordered for Uber last Friday, after the close of work and had occupied the back seat with her baby.
Barely had the Uber driver, Precious John, begun the journey, then a green Toyota Camry on high speed, hit the black Nissan Murano Uber car with plate number RRU 362 NE, from the driver’s side.
The baby was said to have been flung out of the vehicle due to the impact of the hit. He wailed in excruciating pains waiting for the soothing hands of his mother. Unfortunately, his mother according to eyewitnesses, was unconscious and was bleeding from the mouth and nose.
The elder brother of the Uber driver, Dickson John said, “I got a call from my brother at about 11 am. All he could mutter was ‘ come quickly, I’m dying, I can’t breathe, my chest, accident, airport road…, and the call ended. I tried reaching back to him but could not get him
“I was accompanied to the scene by one of my comrades, Godwin Esosa, where I saw my brother’s car stained with blood and fuel was dripping from its engine but there was no sight of him.
We gathered from eyewitnesses that a team of policemen in a carton colour Audi car was chasing a suspected yahoo boy in a Toyota Camry 2012 model. In his bid to escape from the police, he ran into my brother’s car which was just entering airport road from Saint Paul. The policemen never made an attempt to save them. Rather, they abandoned them to fate.
He said that the Police were aware of the incident right from the first day, adding that some policemen from Federal Operation had paid him a condolence visit.
But identities of the policemen who were chasing the yahoo suspect were yet to be disclosed by the Edo State Police Command, neither was news of their arrest made public.
Meanwhile, the vehicles involved in the incident had reportedly been towed to Aideyean Police station.
The Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation (NTDC) has renewed its commitment to the UNWTO guidelines for effective re-opening and recovery of the tourism sector. Mr Folorunsho Coker, the Director-General of the corporation, made this known in an interview with the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) on Monday in Abuja. Coker acknowledged that the tourism sector was one of the worst-hit in the global effect of Coronavirus (COVID-19)
pandemic, stressing that it needs urgent attention. He emphasised that there was a compelling need for intervention to save the tourism sector from total collapse. The director-general recommended creating dedicated tourism support schemes for MSMEs, entrepreneurs and the self-employed as one of the measures to curb COVID-19 effect on the sector. He also said that providing exceptions, reductions or deferred tax and fiscal payments a well as critical bills for companies, self-employed and workers, especially for the most vulnerable, was another requirement for effective re-opening.
According to him, these would help reduce the adverse effects of COVID-19 on the tourism sector in the society, if put in place. “We must set up financial instruments to facilitate liquidity (moratoria on loans repayments, loan guarantees or flexible credit loans for working capital). “A review of cancellation policies considering consumers’ rights and the urgency of liquidity for companies. “We must support workers and help job seekers transition into new jobs in the NEW NORMAL and ensure dialogue between Companies and Workers’ Unions.
“We must be clear to travellers on what to expect, rights and guarantees if falling sick while travelling in Nigeria where our approach must be a human-centred communicating empathy, reassurance and connection. “Our communication campaigns should be geared towards confidence-building including the safety measures undertaken by the destinations and companies,” Coker said. READ ALSO: AU study: COVID-19 could cost Africa $500bn, damage tourism, aviation sectors He, however, noted that it was imperative to recover confidence through setting proportionate safety and hygiene protocols to reduce risks throughout the whole tourism value chain and in each step of the traveller’s journey. The NTDC boss added that provision of clear information to travellers on existing measures in place at destinations and companies were also measures that would help kick start the tourism sector.
According to him, the guide emphasises that Public-Private collaboration for an efficient reopening is key. “To establish mechanisms for public-private collaboration in the definition and implementation of health-related protocols “We must create actionable and proportioned protocols in full coordination with the private sector and health authorities to ensure they are scientific, evidence-based and applicable.
No policy based on hearsay. “We must share knowledge and good practices set mechanisms to support the adaptation of companies, destinations and the training of their staff. “We must invest in better and shared data systems,” Coker further advised. (NAN)
This was announced via Twitter handle… “Students who are our children and partners in progress should show understanding, what we are asking from the government are in their interest and the …
“Students who are our children and partners in progress should show understanding, what we are asking from the government are in their interest and the interest of the nation, good hostel accommodation, good classroom blocks that can engender effective learning,…….. #ASUU
laboratories where cutting edge research can be carried out and offices that can drive the process of quality university education. #ASUU
“So what we are asking of the government are not baseless things, but those things that in 2012, the government conducted during a needs assessment survey and found out that there is widespread rot and decay in the university system.” #ASUU
The Lagos State Commissioner for Health, Prof. Akin Abayomi, has tested positive for COVID-19. Abayomi’s COVID-19 status was made public by the Commissioner for Information and Strategy, Mr Gbenga Omotoso, made this known …
The Lagos State Commissioner for Health, Prof. Akin Abayomi, has tested positive for COVID-19.
Abayomi’s COVID-19 status was made public by the Commissioner for Information and Strategy, Mr Gbenga Omotoso, made this known in a statement he signed on Monday, August 24 in Lagos.
“Subsequent to close contact with persons feeling unwell and testing positive for the COVID-19 infection, the Commissioner for Health, Prof. Akin Abayomi, has tested positive for the virus.
“Prof. Abayomi became aware of his status following the required testing protocol of contact tracing procedures.
“However, he is doing well with no symptoms.
“Adhering to the protocol of the home-based strategy in Lagos State, the Commissioner will be isolated in his home for the next 14 days,”Omotoso said.
He added that Abayomi would continue to discharge his duties both as the Deputy Incident Commander of the Incident Command System for COVID-19 and most especially; as the State Commissioner for Health.
“Our prayers are with him and his family during his period of isolation,”Omotoso said.
Meanwhile, the Minister of Works and Housing, Babatunde Fashola on Sunday, August 23; revealed that the Federal Government was owing contractors N336 billion as of July, 2020.
Fashola also noted his ministry’s efforts on road infrastructure; saying that only N27 billion had been released by the Federal Ministry of Finance and that about N162 billion was available through the Sukuk Bond.
The Minister made this assertion during an interview on Arise Television.
“Our debts as of the end of July, our outstanding and unpaid certificates for example were in the area of N336 billion. Now, the release we have from the Ministry of Finance for the second quarter is N27 billion.
“Then we have the Sukuk (which is) N162 billion. So, if you add that up, we are still way behind and more certificates are piling up for work that we haven’t paid,”Fashola explained.
If you’ve ever experienced an unknown pain in your chest, you may have thought the worst and attributed it to a heart problem. However, chest pain is often not a symptom …
If you’ve ever experienced an unknown pain in your chest, you may have thought the worst and attributed it to a heart problem.
However, chest pain is often not a symptom of anything as serious as that.
Even though some chest pain can be sign of heart problems; it is also commonly felt by those suffering from heartburn or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD/GORD).
So how can you tell if you have heartburn or a heart condition?
WHAT IS HEARTBURN, ACID REFLUX AND GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD)?
As part of normal digestion, the stomach produces acid to help break down the food we eat.
It is usually contained within the stomach but, sometimes, the valve between the stomach and the oesophagus (food pipe); doesn’t work as it should, allowing acid to escape and irritate the sensitive lining of the food pipe.
This is called acid reflux and the associated burning sensation in the chest is commonly referred to as heartburn.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (abbreviated to GERD or GORD); is a condition in which a person experiences uncommonly frequent bouts of acid reflux.
Many people experience acid reflux and heartburn occasionally, but when it’s frequent and severe it may be diagnosed as GERD.
Sometimes, the pain produced by GERD can be mistaken for heart-related chest pains so it’s important to understand your symptoms and to consult a doctor if you are unsure about the root of any pain you are experiencing.
DIFFERENTIATING CARDIAC AND NON-CARDIAC CHEST PAINS
Whilst the pain of heartburn or GERD and heart conditions occur behind the breastbone, there are different symptoms that can help you to tell them apart.
Heartburn (a burning sensation in your throat or chest) that occurs frequently after eating
Unpleasant, sour taste in your mouth caused by acid reflux
Difficulty swallowing
Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
Sensation of a lump in your throat
Bloating
Burping.
Although symptoms of heart attacks can be varied, those who experience cardiac pain tend to find it occurs in the centre or left side of the chest.
Furthermore, cardiac pain is more likely to spread to other parts of your body, including your back, shoulders, neck and arms – particularly, the top of your left arm.
The pain also tends to be a deep, constantly severe, and tight sensation, whereas the pain from GERD is generally sharper and harsher when inhaling.
Other symptoms of a heart attack include:
Shortness of breath
Irregular heartbeat
Dizziness
Nausea
Numbness, especially in left arm or shoulder.
If you do suspect you are experiencing a heart attack, you should seek immediate medical attention.
WHAT TO DO ABOUT HEARTBURN, ACID REFLUX AND GERD?
Fortunately, heartburn, acid reflux and GERD symptoms can often be managed with simple lifestyle changes or over-the-counter medications, such as Rennie.
A few small lifestyle changes you can make to help manage your GERD symptoms include:
Eat smaller portions more frequently
Try not to lie down too soon after eating as this can put pressure on the valve at the top of the stomach
If you do lie down after eating, try raising the head of the bed by 10 to 20cm to help prevent stomach acid travelling up towards your chest
Try to maintain or reach a healthy weight.
If your chest pain continues after making these changes, you should seek advice from a doctor or pharmacist.
You may need medication to help manage your symptoms or it could be a sign of a different condition.
The Oyo State Police Command, on Saturday, August 22, announced the arrest of a trader identified as Emmanuel Egbu, for allegedly eating human excreta with bread. Africanewsguru garnered that the Police Command …
The Oyo State Police Command, on Saturday, August 22, announced the arrest of a trader identified as Emmanuel Egbu, for allegedly eating human excreta with bread.
Africanewsguru garnered that the Police Command detained Egbu at Ibadan, the State Capital, after being caught in the act by neighbours.
It was further reported that this situation caused a huge traffic gridlock as people trooped our to catch a glimpse of the scenario.
Eating human excreta is said to be the hallmark of Internet fraudsters; who also combine money rituals with cyber fraud.
Egbu, who runs a successful cosmetics business in Sango area of the city; was alleged to have been caught eating an admixture of human excreta and bread before his arrest.
Those who caught him with the weird food combination were said to have raised the alarm; which attracted a huge crowd.
However, he was rescued before he could be lynched; by the Police who transferred him to the Sango Police Station.
The Police Public Relations Officer in Oyo State, Mr Olugbenga Fadeyi, when contacted explained that Egbu was in police custody.
He said the Divisional Police Officer in charge of Sango Police Station had begun investigation into the incident.
The PPRO said, “The DPO told me that some people rescued the man from those who accused him of eating excreta and bread. They said they found some excreta which he packed inside a nylon bag. He was caught and taken to the police station.
“The DPO has taken over the case and the man is already in custody. He has begun investigation into the case; and samples of what was found on him would be sent for laboratory analysis.
“He has taken the man’s statement also, and after the investigation at that level; the case will be sent to the State Criminal investigation Department at Iyaganku for further investigation. Investigation will reveal if he is involved in money ritual or not.”
The begining of colonization and the beginning of education in South Africa can definitely not be utterly separated, as the experiences are interwoven.
The time of the foundation of the colonial experience at the Cape in 1652 was the same as the beginning of education in South Africa. Six years after, the Dutch East India Company established its colony at the Cape, the first formal school is begun in 1658. This school was founded by Commander Jan van Riebeeck for the slave children brought to the Cape in the Dutch ship, the Amersfoort, which had captured them off a Portuguese slaver.
For two reasons, extremely significant is the establishment of the first school in the history of South Africa. Firstly, this school had many of the characteristics that have come to frame the South African experience. It was profoundly oppressive. As the slave children are enrolled, so they are forced to take new identities. Nothing of their past was given recognition in the school. Their treatment by the colonial authorities was harsh. And then, to buy their obedience, they were plied with alcohol. But, like their descendents who refused to accept anything less than the best education that can be provided, they rejected this degraded education. They did this by escaping from the school into the mountains surrounding the Cape. The significance of this school in presenting the themes of domination and resistance, is vital for understanding South African education.
The other important feature of the period takes us, however, into a different direction. While this early school was extremely oppressive, we have, in this first 150 years of Dutch occupation of the Cape, a number of deeply important developments such as classic vignettes. These speak powerfully to our understanding of South African history. While slaves and the indigenous people, the Khoisan, faced great challenges during this time because of the harsh laws of the Dutch, we see a number of instances where these oppressed people begin to organise themselves. This is in defiance of the Dutch East India Company or without their knowledge.
Two instances are important to record for understanding the South African history differently. The first is that contrary to much of the historical narrative, even that which is sympathetic to the cause of the oppressed and which gives no or little voice to the marginalised, the slaves and the Khoisan exercised agency. They taught themselves to read in communities like Genadendal or, as they did in the heart of the Colonial town of Cape Town, they kept themselves religiously intact by starting madrassas, Islamic schools, where they taught each other to read and write. Out of this experience, notably, comes the first formal writing in Africa.
The establishment of a proper system of education begins with the period of British rule at the Cape. This period was marked by a systematic attempt on the part of the British to anglicise Cape society. The period beginning with the occupation of the Cape by the British in 1795 ushers in important social, political and economic developments. The slave trade was abolished in Britain in 1807 and slavery was formally abolished in all colonies of the British empire, including the colony at the Cape, in 1833. The period is marked by the emergence of colonialism proper.
The Schools played a very Signigicant and influential role in this experience. In 1839 an Education Department was established at the Cape with a superintendent, James Rose Innes, at its head. This position was bureaucratised with an administrative apparatus by the end of the century. In Natal, after annexation in 1843, attempts were made to develop an education structure. These only stabilised in 1858. Meanwhile, constitutional provision was made for education in the Transvaal Republic in 1858 and properly so in 1863 in the Orange Free State. Important about this period is that it marks the institutionalization of education in the country and its formal deployment in the cause of building a white identity. One might refer to this period as a period of state-building on the part of the white establishment. The great apparatuses of power were introduced, such as the formal parliaments, the institutions of the military, the hospital services, and alongside these, the institution of the Anglican Church. Yet, at the same time, during this period there is evidence of black and white children being educated in common classrooms. The oldest schools in the country, such as the South African College School (SACS) founded in 1829, for example, has children of different colours. As the process of Anglicisation happens, it happens with some ambiguity.
Alongside of this process of formalisation, another key experience takes root. Significant steps continue to be taken by the rapidly growing missionary movement to provide education for both black and white children. This story begins with the arrival of the London Missionary Society in 1799 and takes shape in the work of people like Dr Phillip and the subsequent establishment of important institutions such as Lovedale College. Emerging clearly out of this development, of course, are the abiding themes of conflict. These conflicts are expressed on several levels and persist in the missionary movement itself, in its target community, the African and slave people, and between the missionaries and the latter, into the climactic era of full modernity in the middle of the 20th century. The begining of colonization and the beginning of education in South Africa can definitely not be utterly separated, as the experiences are interwoven.
The men of Egypt were usually clean shaven and sported both long and short hair styles. Men wore their hair long while boys had their heads shaved except for a lock of hair above their ear. A male body from a working class cemetery in Hierakonpolis dated around 3500 B.C. had a well trimmed beard. Ancient Egyptians sported curls, braids, waves, twists, wigs and extentions, They dyed their hair and cut it short like U.S. Marines.
Women sometimes wore long things in their hair. A female body from a working class grave dated around 3500 B.C. had evidence of hair coloring (henna was used to color grey hair) and hair weaving (locks of human hair were tied to natural objects to produce an elaborate beehive hairdo). A grave in the worker’s cemetery at Hierakonpolis revealed a woman in her late 40s or early 50s with a Mohawk. Egyptians darkened grey hair with the blood of black animals and added false braids to their own hair. The earliest combs are believed are believed to be fish bones. The earliest man-made combs were discovered in 6000-year-old Egyptian tombs. Some had single rows of teeth. Some had double rows of teeth.
Chopped lettuce and ground-up hedgehog spines were applied to the scalp as a remedy for baldness because baldness was not appreciated. Other cultures have tried everything from camel dung to bear grease to achieve the same result. A male body from a working class cemetery in Hierakonpolis dated around 3500 B.C. had a sheepskin toupee used to hide a bald spot.
Scholars often use hairstyles to date objects and even use them to determine foreign influences. There is evidence of influence from other cultures on the Egyptian hairstyles. One example is the cultural union of the Roman Empire and the Egyptian empire. There is evidence of a female mummy wearing a typically Roman hairstyle yet the iconography on her death mask was plainly Egyptian. At Tell el-Daba in Egypt, there was a statue portrayed wearing a mushroom hairstyle that was typical of Asiatic males. There is a statue of young woman in the Ptolemaic period (304–30 B.C.) exhibiting a typical Nubian hairstyle consisting of five small clumps of hair.
Egyptian men were generally clean-shaven and priests like the one above often shaved their heads. The Egyptians thought that an abundance of facial hair was a sign of uncleanliness and personal neglect. An exception to this was a man’s thin mustache or goatee. There was no soap so an oil or salve was probably used to soften the skin and hairs of the area to be shaved. Tweezers with blunt or sharp ends were used for removing individual facial hairs. Men and women used to shave their heads bald replacing their natural hair with wigs. Egyptian women did not walk around showing their bald heads, they always wore the wigs. Head shaving had a number of benefits. First, removing their hair made it much more comfortable in the hot Egyptian climate. Second, it was easy to maintain a high degree of cleanliness avoiding danger of lice infestation. In addition, people wore wigs when their natural hair was gone due to old age. However, even though the Egyptians shaved their heads, they did not think the bald look was preferable to having hair. Even Priests were required to keep their entire bodies cleanly shaved. They shaved every third day because they needed to avoid the danger of lice or any other uncleanness to conduct rituals. This is the reason why priests are illustrated bald-headed with no eyebrows or lashes.
Hairstyles and Identity As for the Egyptians of ths ancient times, hair styles were often express identity, religious position and class. Style and class were just as important after death. For ancient Egyptians, appearance was an important issue. Appearance indicated a person’s status, role in a society or political significance. Egyptian hairstyles and the common hairstyles of today have many things in common. Like modern hairstyles, Egyptian hairstyles varied with age, gender and social status. Children had unique hairstyles in ancient Egypt. Their hair was shaved off or cut short except for a long lock of hair left on the side of the head (side-lock of youth). This s-shaped lock was depicted by the hieroglyphic symbol of a child or youth. Both girls and boys wore this style until the onset of puberty. Young boys often shaved their heads, while young girls wore their hair in plaits or sometimes did up their hair in a ponytail style, hanging down the center of the back. Young girl dancers used to wear long thick braided ponytails. The edge of the tail was either naturally curled or was enhanced to do so. If the ponytail was not curled at the end, it was weighted down by adornments or metal discs.
Egyptian men typically wore their hair short, leaving their ears visible. Men often kept these hairstyles until their hair began to thin with advancing age. Another hairstyle for men was distinctive short curls covering the ears shaping a bend from temple to nape. It is doubtful that this hairstyle was natural. It was more likely a result of a process of hair curling that was done occasionally. More unique were the women’s hairstyles than those of men. Women generally preferred a smooth, close coiffure, a natural wave and long curl. Women in the Old Kingdom preferred to have short cuts or chin length bobs. However, women in the New Kingdom (around 1550–1070 B.C.) wore their hair long or touted a wig. Women tied and decorated their hair with flowers and linen ribbons. A stylized lotus blossom was the preferred adornment for the head. This developed into using coronets and diadems. Diadems made of gold, turquoise, garnet, and malachite beads were discovered on an ancient Egyptian body dating to 3200 B.C.
Poorer people used more simple and inexpensive ornaments of petals and berries to hold their hair at the back. Children decorated their hair with amulets of small fish, presumably to protect from the dangers of the Nile. Children sometimes used hair-rings or clasps. Egyptians also wore headbands around their heads or held their hair in place with ivory and metal hairpins. Beads might be used to attach wigs or hair extensions in place. Slaves and servants were not able to dress the same as Egyptian nobility. The way that they adorned their hair was quite different. Commonly, they tied their hair at the back of the head into a kind of loop. They can also tie it in eight or nine long plaits at the back of the head and to dangled them together at one side of the neck and face. So, just by specific hair tie, shape, cut and decoration with different ornaments, age, gender and status are clearly identified. Interesting!
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