The Faroe Islands are an autonomous country of the Danish Empire. Self-government was granted by the Danish Parliament in 1948 after an unsuccessful attempt by the Faroe Islands to gain full independence, with additional autonomy granted in 2005. [2] The monarch of Denmark is the head of the Faroese state. The Faroe Islands are not part of the European Union, but Denmark is. The question of Irish self-government was the dominant political issue in British and Irish politics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. [4] All expressive elements modify each other, so that no single rule can cover all cases. These sample phrases are automatically selected from various online information sources to reflect the current use of the word “Home Rule”. The views expressed in the examples do not represent the views of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us your feedback.
However, autonomy is not synonymous with federalism. While states within a federal system of government (e.g., Canada, Germany, Switzerland, Brazil, Ethiopia, and the United States) have guaranteed constitutional existence, a decentralized system of self-government is created by simple legislation and can be reformed or even abolished by repealing or amending that ordinary law. Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article on Home Rule Britannica English: Translation of Home Rule for Arabic Speakers With the creation of the Scottish Office in 1885, Scotland achieved administrative devolution. In the mid-20th century, the Home Rule movement gained prominence and campaigned for a Scottish assembly. Between 1947 and 1950, the Scottish Pact, a petition calling for a Scottish legislature within the United Kingdom, received more than two million signatures. It was not until 1979 that devolution entered the political sphere – the Scottish referendum on devolution took place in 1979. Despite a 51.6% vote in favour of devolution, the Scotland Act 1978 was not enacted because the “yes” vote had to receive the support of 40% of the electorate, which was not the case with a turnout of 63.8%. In 1999, following the success of a second referendum, the Scottish Parliament was established. The demands for autonomy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries differed from Daniel O`Connell`s earlier demands for repeal in the first half of the nineteenth century. While Home Rule meant a constitutional move towards an all-Ireland national parliament, partly under Westminster, repeal meant repealing the Act of Union of 1801 (by physical force if necessary) and creating a completely independent Irish state, separate from the United Kingdom, with a single common monarch joining them.
In the United States, some states grant self-government to cities, counties, and municipalities within their borders, either constitutionally or by law. These are called “autonomous states”. Local governments of autonomous states are free to enact such laws and regulations as they deem appropriate to advance their operations within the limits of state and federal constitutions. In other states, local governments have only those powers expressly granted to them by state legislators, usually in accordance with the legal principle known as Dillon`s rule. A city charter granted by the state defines the limits of a municipality`s powers. [9] “Home rule.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/home%20rule. Retrieved 11 October 2022. The U.S. federal government offers some federally recognized Native American tribes limited autonomy over their lands on reservations. Tribal areas are recognized as “dependent national nations” and operate under a parallel system of government and jurisdiction, independent of the state or states in which the reservation is located, sometimes including separate police forces. For example, some tribes are allowed to operate gambling establishments and produce drugs that may be illegal in surrounding states. Reservations are not states and have no direct representation in Congress, and citizens vote as citizens of the state around them.
Moreover, unlike the sovereignty of state legislators, tribal sovereignty and land ownership are not guaranteed by the Constitution and are only granted by an act of Congress, which can be abrogated or amended at any time. However, as a rule, even in extreme varieties, the specimen can be identified by careful examination. British autonomy was discussed in the context of proposals for constitutional changes in relation to England after the Scottish independence referendum in 2014. [8] Clearly, the first obligation of all liberal democratic governments is to uphold the rule of law. Self-government is the government of a colony, country or region dependent on its own citizens. [1] It is therefore the power of a part (administrative division) of a State or Land dependent on the outside to exercise the governmental powers of the State on its own administrative territory which have been decentralized to it by the central government. As in Ireland, supporters of autonomy in Scotland have always wanted a higher degree of devolved governance in the UK. Although the term “Home Rule” has largely been replaced by “devolution”, the Home Rule movement can be seen as a precursor to the creation of the current devolved Scottish Parliament. In the United States, Home Rule often describes the power of a city or county to control local governments. In autonomous states, individual municipalities draft charters that almost resemble local constitutions and allow them to govern as they wish, as long as they do not flout the country`s constitution. In other countries, self-government is used for territories that operate independently, even if they are formally under the control of another country. The U.S.
Constitution gives the U.S. Congress jurisdiction over the capital (District of Columbia or Washington, D.C.) in “all cases.” That court required that the district be neither a state nor part of a state. At times, and currently since 1973, Congress has required that the government of DC be led primarily by local elected officials. However, congressional oversight of this local government still exists, and the powers of local elected officials could theoretically be revoked at any time. For example, a legislature may create self-government of an administrative entity such as a province, county, or county, so that a local county council, county commission, municipal council, or board of directors may be responsible for its unincorporated areas, including important matters such as zoning. Without this, partition is only an extension of the higher government. The legislature may also establish or eliminate self-governing municipal bodies within the city or city limits through the municipal council. The higher government could also abolish counties/municipalities, redefine their boundaries, or dissolve their autonomous governments in accordance with the relevant laws.
From the late nineteenth century, the Irish leaders of the Home Rule League, the predecessor of the Irish Parliamentary Party, under Isaac Butt, William Shaw and Charles Stewart Parnell, called for some form of autonomy with the creation of an Irish parliament within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. This requirement eventually led to the introduction of four Home Rule Bills, two of which were passed, the Government of Ireland Act 1914, won by John Redmond, and most notably the Government of Ireland Act 1920 (which created the Home Rule Parliaments of Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland – the latter did not actually function and was replaced by the Irish Free State). When a territory or colony governs itself, it is called internal self-government. Some cities also govern themselves with autonomy and operate somewhat independently of the state. Second, he established the golden rule: “Whatever you want men to do unto you, do to them.” Liberals Lord Hartington and Joseph Chamberlain led the fight against Home Rule in Parliament.
